UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| incorporation or organization) | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of Exchange on Which Registered |
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The |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Smaller reporting company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes
As of October 22, 2024, the Registrant had
INDEX
FORM 10-Q
SEPTEMBER 28, 2024
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value amounts)
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September 28, |
December 30, |
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2024 |
2023 * |
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(Unaudited) |
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| ASSETS | ||||||||
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Short-term investments |
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Accounts receivable, net |
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Inventories |
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Prepaid expenses |
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Other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Property, plant and equipment, net |
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Goodwill |
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Intangible assets, net |
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Other assets |
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Operating lease right of use assets |
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| $ | $ | |||||||
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
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Current liabilities: |
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Short-term borrowings |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Current installments of long-term debt |
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Accounts payable |
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Customer advances |
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Accrued compensation and benefits |
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Deferred profit |
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Accrued warranty |
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Income taxes payable |
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Other accrued liabilities |
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Total current liabilities |
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Long-term debt |
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Deferred income taxes |
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Noncurrent income tax liabilities |
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Accrued retirement benefits |
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Long-term lease liabilities |
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Other accrued liabilities |
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Stockholders’ equity |
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Preferred stock, $ |
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Common stock, $ |
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Paid-in capital |
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Treasury stock, at cost; |
( |
) | ( |
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Retained earnings |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
( |
) | ( |
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Total stockholders’ equity |
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| $ | $ | |||||||
*
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
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Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
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September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
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Net sales |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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Cost and expenses: |
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Cost of sales (1) |
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Research and development |
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Selling, general and administrative |
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Amortization of purchased intangible assets |
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Restructuring charges |
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Income (loss) from operations |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
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Other (expense) income: |
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Interest expense |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
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Interest income |
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Foreign transaction loss |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
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Loss on extinguishment of debt |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before taxes |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
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Income tax provision |
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Net income (loss) |
$ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||
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Income (loss) per share: |
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Basic |
$ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||
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Diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||
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Weighted average shares used in computing income (loss) per share: |
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Basic |
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Diluted |
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(1) |
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
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Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
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September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
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Net income (loss) |
$ | ( |
) | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||
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Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |
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Foreign currency translation adjustments |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||
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Adjustments related to postretirement benefits |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||
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Change in unrealized gain/loss on investments |
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Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||
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Comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
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(in thousands, except par value and per share amounts) |
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Accumulated |
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Common |
other |
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stock |
Paid-in |
Retained |
comprehensive |
Treasury |
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Three Months Ended September 28, 2024 |
$1 par value |
capital |
earnings |
loss |
stock |
Total |
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Balance at June 29, 2024 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||||||||
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Net loss |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Changes in cumulative translation adjustment |
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Adjustments related to postretirement benefits, net of tax |
( |
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Changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax |
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Shares issued for restricted stock units vested |
( |
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Repurchase and retirement of stock |
- | ( |
) | ( |
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Common stock repurchases |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Share-based compensation expense |
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Balance at September 28, 2024 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 28, 2024 |
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Balance at December 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||||||||
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Net loss |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Changes in cumulative translation adjustment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Adjustments related to postretirement benefits, net of tax |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax |
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Shares issued under ESPP |
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Shares issued for restricted stock units vested |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Repurchase and retirement of stock |
- | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||
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Common stock repurchases |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Share-based compensation expense |
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Balance at September 28, 2024 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ |
|
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
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Balance at July 1, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||||||||
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Net income |
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Changes in cumulative translation adjustment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Adjustments related to postretirement benefits, net of tax |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax |
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Shares issued for restricted stock units vested |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Repurchase and retirement of stock |
- | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||
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Common stock repurchases |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Share-based compensation expense |
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Balance at September 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ |
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
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Balance at December 31, 2022 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||||||||
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Net income |
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Changes in cumulative translation adjustment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Adjustments related to postretirement benefits, net of tax |
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Changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax |
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Shares issued under ESPP |
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Shares issued for restricted stock units vested |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Repurchase and retirement of stock |
- | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||||||
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Common stock repurchases |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Share-based compensation expense |
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Balance at September 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
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Nine Months Ended |
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September 28, |
September 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income (loss) |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ||||
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Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
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Loss on extinguishment of debt |
||||||||
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Net accretion on investments |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Gain from sale of property, plant and equipment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Depreciation and amortization |
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Share-based compensation expense |
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Non-cash inventory related charges |
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Deferred income taxes |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Changes in accrued retiree medical benefits |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Changes in other accrued liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Changes in other assets |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Amortization of cloud-based software implementation costs |
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Impairment charge related to equity investment |
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Amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs |
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Operating lease right-of-use assets |
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Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects from acquisitions: |
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Customer advances |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Accounts receivable |
||||||||
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Inventories |
||||||||
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Other current assets |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Accounts payable |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Deferred profit |
( |
) | ||||||
|
Income taxes payable |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Current and long-term operating lease liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
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Cash flows from investing activities, excluding effects from acquisitions: |
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Purchases of short-term investments |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Sales and maturities of short-term investments |
||||||||
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Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Cash received from sale of property, plant and equipment |
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Payment for purchase of MCT, net of cash received |
( |
) | ||||||
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Net cash provided by investing activities |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Payments on current and long-term finance lease liabilities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Repurchases of common stock, net |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
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Repayments of long-term debt |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Acquisition of treasury stock |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Net cash used in financing activities |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
( |
) | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
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Cash paid for income taxes |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Inventory capitalized as property, plant and equipment |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Property, plant and equipment purchases included in accounts payable |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Cash paid for interest |
$ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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1. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation
Our fiscal years are based on a 52- or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday in December. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 30, 2023, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 28, 2024, (also referred to as “the third quarter of fiscal 2024” and “the first nine months of fiscal 2024”) and September 30, 2023, (also referred to as “the third quarter of fiscal 2023” and “the first nine months of fiscal 2023”) are unaudited. However, in management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring items) necessary to provide a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Both the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were comprised of 13 and 39 weeks, respectively.
Our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that should be expected for the full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect estimates and assumptions made by management at September 28, 2024 and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024. For a better understanding of Cohu, Inc. and our financial statements, we recommend reading these interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 30, 2023, which are included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the following notes to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, Cohu, Inc., is referred to as “Cohu”, “we”, “our” and “us”.
All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. We invest in a variety of financial instruments and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer.
Our trade accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for credit losses, which is determined in accordance with the guidance provided by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, (“ASC 326”). At both September 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, our allowance for credit losses was $
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Cost includes labor, material and overhead costs. Determining the net realizable value of inventories involves numerous estimates and judgments including projecting average selling prices and sales volumes for future periods and costs to complete and dispose of inventory. As a result of these analyses, we record a charge to cost of sales in advance of the period when the inventory is sold when estimated market values are below our costs.
Inventories by category were as follows (in thousands):
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September 28, |
December 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
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Raw materials and purchased parts |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Work in process |
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Finished goods |
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Total inventories |
$ | $ | ||||||
Property, Plant and Equipment
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, both owned and under financing lease, is calculated principally on the straight‑line method based on estimated useful lives of to years for buildings, to years for building improvements, to years for machinery, equipment and software, and the lease life for financing leases. Land is not depreciated. Property, plant and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
September 28, |
December 30, |
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|
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
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Land and land improvements |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Buildings and building improvements |
||||||||
|
Machinery and equipment |
||||||||
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Property, plant and equipment, net |
$ | $ | ||||||
Cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Costs
We have capitalized certain costs associated with the implementation of our cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Capitalized costs include only external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing the system and interest costs incurred, when material, while developing the system.
Total unamortized capitalized cloud computing implementation costs totaled $
Segment Information
We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, (“ASC 280”), which sets forth a management approach to segment reporting and establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products, major customers and the geographies in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. An operating segment is defined as a component that engages in business activities whose operating results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker and for which discrete financial information is available. We have determined that our identified operating segments are: Test Handler Group (“THG”), Semiconductor Tester Group (“STG”) and Interface Solutions Group (“ISG”). Our THG, STG and ISG operating segments qualify for aggregation under ASC 280 due to similarities in their customers, their economic characteristics, and the nature of products and services provided. As a result, we report in segment, Semiconductor Test and Inspection Equipment (“Semiconductor Test & Inspection”).
Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and its carrying value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill. We estimated the fair values of our reporting units using a weighting of the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, we use a discounted cash flow methodology to derive an indication of value, which requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasted revenues, gross profit margins, operating income margins, working capital cash flow, perpetual growth rates, and long-term discount rates, among others. For the market approach, we use the guideline public company method. Under this method we utilize information from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting units, to create valuation multiples that are applied to the operating performance metrics of the reporting unit being tested, to obtain an indication of value. We then apply a 50/50 weighting to the indicated values from the income and market approaches to derive the fair values of the reporting units. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on customer forecasts, industry trade organization data and general economic conditions. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors.
We conduct our annual impairment test as of October 1 each year and have determined there was impairment as of October 1, 2023, as we determined that the estimated fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying values on that date. Other events and changes in circumstances may also require goodwill to be tested for impairment between annual measurement dates. As of September 28, 2024, we do not believe there were indicators of impairment requiring an interim test. In the event we determine that an interim goodwill impairment review is required in a future period, the review may result in an impairment charge, which would have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value.
During the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and 2023, no events or conditions occurred suggesting an impairment in our long-lived assets.
Product Warranty
Product warranty costs are accrued in the period sales are recognized. Our products are generally sold with standard warranty periods, which differ by product, ranging from
Restructuring Costs
We record restructuring activities including costs for one-time termination benefits in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”). The timing of recognition for severance costs accounted for under ASC 420 depends on whether employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits. If employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits, a liability is recognized ratably over the future service period. Otherwise, a liability is recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and has communicated those actions to employees. Employee termination benefits covered by existing benefit arrangements are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits. These costs are recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and the severance costs are probable and estimable. See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” for additional information.
Debt Issuance Costs
We defer costs related to the issuance of debt. Debt issuance costs directly related to our Term Loan Credit Facility were presented within noncurrent liabilities as a reduction of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of such costs was recognized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt issue. Amortization related to deferred debt issuance costs and original discount costs was $
Foreign Remeasurement and Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries that use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency are re-measured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, except for nonmonetary assets, such as inventories and property, plant and equipment, which are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Revenues and costs are re-measured using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to those balance sheet items that are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized as incurred. During the three and nine months ended September 28, 2024, we recognized foreign exchange losses, net of the impact of foreign exchange derivative contracts, of $
Certain of our foreign subsidiaries have designated the local currency as their functional currency and, as a result, their assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date, while revenue and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.
Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts
We operate and sell our products in various global markets. As a result, we are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To minimize foreign exchange volatility, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts with a financial institution to hedge against future movements in foreign exchange rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. The accounting for changes in the fair value of our derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting. All derivative instruments are recognized at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and all changes in fair value are recognized in net earnings or stockholders’ equity through accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCI).
For contracts that qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the hedge contracts must be effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged and must be designated as a hedge at the inception of the contract. Hedge effectiveness is assessed periodically. For accounting purposes, certain of our foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and, accordingly, we record the fair value of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period in our condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded within foreign transaction gain (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for both realized and unrealized gains and losses.
See Note 7, “Derivative Financial Instruments” for additional information.
Share-Based Compensation
We measure and recognize all share-based compensation under the fair value method.
Reported share-based compensation is classified, in our condensed consolidated financial statements, as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||
|
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||
|
Cost of sales |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total share-based compensation |
||||||||||||||||
|
Income tax effect |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
|
Total share-based compensation, net |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted income per share includes the dilutive effect of common shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options, vesting of outstanding restricted stock and performance stock units and issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan using the treasury stock method. In loss periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the per share computations due to their anti-dilutive effect. For purposes of computing diluted income per share, certain restricted and performance stock units and stock options with exercise prices that exceed the average fair market value of our common stock for the period are excluded. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, awards to issue approximately
The following table reconciles the denominators used in computing basic and diluted income per share (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||
|
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||
|
Weighted average common shares |
||||||||||||||||
|
Effect of dilutive securities |
||||||||||||||||
Leases
We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use (“ROU”) assets, current other accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, other current accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at January 1, 2019, the adoption date of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), or the commencement date for leases entered into after the adoption date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rates for the remaining lease terms based on the information available at the adoption date or commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made, lease incentives, favorable and unfavorable lease terms recognized in business acquisitions and excludes initial direct costs incurred and variable lease payments. Variable lease payments include estimated payments that are subject to reconciliations throughout the lease term, increases or decreases in the contractual rent payments, as a result of changes in indices or interest rates and tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. Our lease terms may include renewal options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. In addition, we include purchase option amounts in our calculations when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. Rent expense for minimum payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet but recognized in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and include both in our calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.
We sublease certain leased assets to third parties, mainly as a result of unused space in our facilities. None of our subleases contain extension options. Variable lease payments in our subleases include tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
Revenue Recognition
Our net sales are derived from the sale of products and services and are adjusted for estimated returns and allowances, which historically have been insignificant. We recognize revenue when the obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our systems and non-system products or the completion of services. In circumstances where control is not transferred until destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur.
Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements is generally recognized upon shipment. In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated and in the case of new products, revenue and cost of sales are deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include standard warranties. Service revenue is recognized over time as we transfer control to our customer for the related contract or upon completion of the services if they are short-term in nature. Spares, contactor and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment.
Certain of our equipment sales have multiple performance obligations that may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple performance obligations, the revenue relating to the undelivered performance obligation is deferred using the relative standalone selling price method utilizing estimated sales prices until satisfaction of the deferred performance obligation.
Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates. At September 28, 2024, we had $
We generally sell our equipment with a product warranty. The product warranty provides assurance to customers that delivered products are as specified in the contract (an “assurance-type warranty”). Therefore, we account for such product warranties under ASC Topic 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”), and not as a separate performance obligation.
The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to customers that are known as of the end of the reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes sales made to certain customers with cumulative tier volume discounts offered. Variable consideration arrangements are rare; however, when they occur, we estimate variable consideration as the expected value to which we expect to be entitled. Included in the transaction price estimate are amounts in which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration that does not meet revenue recognition criteria is deferred.
Our contracts are typically less than one year in duration and we have elected to use the practical expedient available in ASC 606 to expense cost to obtain contracts as they are incurred because they would be amortized over less than one year.
Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customer. Payment terms do not exceed one year from the invoice date and therefore do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet in any of the periods presented.
On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is generally recorded as deferred profit in our condensed consolidated balance sheet, representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped. In certain instances where customer payments are received prior to product shipment, the customer’s payments are recorded as customer advances. At September 28, 2024, we had deferred revenue totaling approximately $
Net sales by type are as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
Disaggregated Net Sales |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
||||||||||||
|
Systems |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Non-systems |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total net sales |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Revenue by geographic area based upon product shipment destination (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
Disaggregated Net Sales |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
||||||||||||
|
United States |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
China |
||||||||||||||||
|
Malaysia |
||||||||||||||||
|
Singapore |
||||||||||||||||
|
Philippines |
||||||||||||||||
|
Rest of the World |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total net sales |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
A small number of customers historically have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. Significant customer concentration information is as follows:
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||
|
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||
|
Customers individually accounting for more than 10% of net sales |
* | |||||||||||||||
|
Percentage of net sales |
* | |||||||||||||||
|
* |
No single customer represented more than 10% of consolidated net sales. |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Our accumulated other comprehensive loss balance totaled approximately $
Retiree Medical Benefits
We provide post-retirement health benefits to certain retired executives, one director (who is a former executive) and their eligible dependents under a noncontributory plan. These benefits are no longer offered to any other retired Cohu employees. The net periodic benefit cost incurred during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and 2023 was not significant.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in the ASU require, among other things, disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to an entity's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and a description of other segment items (the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss) by reportable segment, as well as disclosure of the title and position of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim disclosures are required for periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Retrospective application is required, and early adoption is permitted. We anticipate the primary change will be the inclusion of additional disclosures related to our single reportable segment.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires enhancements and further transparency to certain income tax disclosures, most notably the tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, may be applied prospectively or retrospectively, and allows for early adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard.
In March 2024, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued its final climate disclosure rules, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors, which require all registrants to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. The rules require disclosure of, among other things, material climate-related risks, activities to mitigate or adapt to such risks, governance and oversight of such risks, material climate targets and goals, and Scope 1 and/or Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, on a phased-in basis, when those emissions are material. In addition, the final rules require certain disclosures in the notes to the financial statements, including the effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions. The rules are effective for us on a phased-in timeline starting in fiscal 2025; however, in April 2024, the SEC issued an order to voluntarily stay its final climate rules pending the completion of judicial review thereof by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. We are currently evaluating the impact of the rules on our consolidated financial statements.
|
2. |
Business Acquisitions, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets |
EQT
On October 2, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Equiptest Engineering Pte. Ltd. (“EQT”), a provider of semiconductor test contactors and other consumables. (“the EQT Acquisition”). EQT is a Singapore-based company with its principal manufacturing site located there. EQT provides test interface products including high performance thermal, MEMS, Infrared, Coaxial and Kelvin Contactors that expand our interface products in mid- to high-power contactors. The EQT Acquisition was a cash-free debt-free transaction and was subject to a working capital adjustment for the difference between the actual and estimated net working capital. We made a cash payment of SGD
The acquired assets and liabilities of EQT were recorded at their respective fair values including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the consideration paid and the fair value of the identifiable net assets. The purchase price allocation was finalized during the second quarter of 2024. The table below summarizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of October 2, 2023 (in thousands):
|
Current assets, including cash received |
$ | |||
|
Property, plant and equipment |
||||
|
Intangible assets |
||||
|
Goodwill |
||||
|
Total assets acquired |
||||
|
Liabilities assumed |
( |
) | ||
|
Net assets acquired |
$ |
The allocation of intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows (in thousands):
|
Estimated Fair Value |
Weighted Average Useful Life (years) |
|||||||
|
Developed technology |
$ | |||||||
|
Customer relationships |
||||||||
|
Product backlog |
||||||||
|
Trademarks and trade names |
||||||||
|
Total intangible assets |
$ | |||||||
Acquired intangible assets reported above are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which approximates the pattern of how the economic benefit is expected to be used. This includes amounts allocated to customer relationships because of anticipated high customer retention rates that are common in the semiconductor capital equipment industry.
The value assigned to developed technology was determined by using the relief from royalty method under the income approach, which included assumptions related to revenue growth rates, royalty rates, and discount rates. Developed technology, which comprises products that have reached technological feasibility, includes the products in EQT’s product line. The revenue estimates used to value the developed technology were based on estimates of relevant market sizes and growth factors, expected trends in technology and the nature and expected timing of new product introductions by EQT and competitors. The estimated after-tax cash flows were based on a hypothetical royalty rate applied to the revenues for the developed technology. The discount rate utilized to discount the net cash flows of the developed technology to present value was based on the risk associated with the respective cash flows taking into consideration the perceived risk of the technology relative to the other acquired assets, the weighted average cost of capital, the internal rate of return, and the weighted average return on assets.
The value assigned to customer relationships was determined by using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. The estimated cash flows were based on revenues from the existing customers net of operating expenses and net of contributory asset charges. The discount rate utilized to discount the net cash flows of the customer relationships to present value was based on the respective cash flows taking into consideration the perceived risks.
The value assigned to backlog acquired was estimated based upon the contractual nature of the backlog as of October 2, 2023, using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach to discount back to present value the cash flows attributable to the backlog at a discount rate commensurate with the expected risks of the backlog cash flows.
The value assigned to trademarks and trade names acquired was determined by using the relief from royalty method under the income approach, which included assumptions related to revenue growth rates, royalty rates, and discount rates.
EQT’s results of operations have been included starting October 2, 2023. The impact of EQT on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was not material.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying value of goodwill during the year ended December 30, 2023, and the nine-month period ended September 28, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):
|
Goodwill |
||||
|
Balance December 31, 2022 |
$ | |||
|
Additions |
||||
|
Impact of currency exchange |
||||
|
Balance, December 30, 2023 |
||||
|
Impact of currency exchange |
||||
|
Balance, September 28, 2024 |
$ | |||
Purchased intangible assets subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):
|
September 28, 2024 |
December 30, 2023 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Remaining |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Weighted |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Gross |
Average |
Gross |
|||||||||||||||
|
Carrying |
Accum. |
Amort. |
Carrying |
Accum. |
|||||||||||||
|
Amount |
Amort. |
Period (years) |
Amount |
Amort. |
|||||||||||||
|
Developed technology |
$ | $ |
|
$ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Customer relationships |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Trade names |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Product backlog |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Covenant not-to-compete |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Total intangible assets |
$ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Changes in the carrying values of purchased intangible assets presented above are a result of the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was approximately $
|
3. |
Borrowings and Credit Agreements |
The following table is a summary of our borrowings (in thousands):
|
September 28, |
December 30, |
|||||||
|
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
|
Bank Term Loan under Credit Agreement |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Bank Term Loans-Kita |
||||||||
|
Construction Loan- Cohu GmbH |
||||||||
|
Lines of Credit |
||||||||
|
Total debt |
||||||||
|
Less: financing fees and discount |
( |
) | ||||||
|
Less: current portion |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Total long-term debt |
$ | $ | ||||||
Credit Agreement
On October 1, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement providing for a $
On February 9, 2024, we made a cash payment of $
Kita Term Loans
We have a series of term loans with Japanese financial institutions primarily related to the expansion of our facility in Osaka, Japan. The loans are collateralized by the facility and land, carry interest at rates ranging from
The term loans are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Construction Loans
In July 2019 and June 2020, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries located in Germany entered into a series of construction loans (“Loan Facilities”) with a German financial institution initially providing it with total borrowings of up to €
The first facility totaling €
At September 28, 2024, total outstanding borrowings under the Loan Facilities was $
Lines of Credit
As a result of our acquisition of Kita, we assumed a series of revolving credit facilities with various financial institutions in Japan. The credit facilities renew monthly and provide Kita with access to working capital totaling up to
The revolving lines of credit are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Our wholly owned subsidiary in Switzerland has available line of credit which provides borrowings of up to a total of
|
4. |
Restructuring Charges |
MCT Integration Program
During the first quarter of 2023, in connection with the acquisition of MCT Worldwide, LLC (“MCT”), we began a strategic restructuring and integration program (“MCT Integration Program”). As part of the MCT Integration Program, we consolidated MCT’s Penang, Malaysia manufacturing operations into Cohu’s Malacca, Malaysia manufacturing operations by the end of 2023. Relating to the facility consolidation actions, we notified certain impacted employees of a reduction in force program. The facility consolidation and reduction in force programs were implemented as part of a comprehensive review of our operations and were intended to reduce our operating cost structure and capitalize on acquisition synergies. As of September 28, 2024, restructuring activities associated with the MCT Integration Program were materially complete.
As a result of the activities described above, we recognized total pretax charges of $
The following table summarizes the activity within the restructuring related accounts for the MCT Integration Program during the first nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
|
Severance and |
Other Exit |
|||||||||||
|
Other Payroll |
Costs |
Total |
||||||||||
|
Balance, December 31, 2022 |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
|
Costs accrued |
||||||||||||
|
Amounts paid or charged |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
|
Balance, September 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
|
5. |
Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value |
Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments consisted primarily of cash and other investment grade securities. We do not hold investment securities for trading purposes. All short-term investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value. Investment securities are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates and credit risk and we monitor credit risk and attempt to mitigate exposure by making high-quality investments and through investment diversification.
We assess whether unrealized loss positions on available-for-sale debt securities are due to credit-related factors. The credit-related portion of unrealized losses, and any subsequent improvements, are recorded in earnings through an allowance account. Unrealized gains and losses that are not due to credit-related factors are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Factors that could indicate an impairment exists include, but are not limited to, earnings performance, changes in credit rating or adverse changes in the regulatory or economic environment of the asset. Gross realized gains and losses on sales of short-term investments are included in interest income. Realized gains and losses for the periods presented were not significant.
Investments that we have classified as short-term, by security type, are as follows (in thousands):
|
September 28, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Gross |
Gross |
Estimated |
||||||||||||||
|
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Unrealized |
Fair |
|||||||||||||
|
Cost |
Gains |
Losses (1) |
Value |
|||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities (2) |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
U.S. treasury securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Bank certificates of deposit |
||||||||||||||||
|
Asset-backed securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Foreign government security |
||||||||||||||||
|
Municipal securities |
||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
|
December 30, 2023 |
||||||||||||||||
| Gross |
Gross |
Estimated |
||||||||||||||
|
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Unrealized |
Fair |
|||||||||||||
|
Cost |
Gains |
Losses (1) |
Value |
|||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities (2) |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
U.S. treasury securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Bank certificates of deposit |
||||||||||||||||
|
Asset-backed securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Foreign government security |
||||||||||||||||
|
Municipal securities |
||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
|
(1) |
|
|
(2) |
|
Effective maturities of short-term investments are as follows (in thousands):
|
September 28, 2024 |
December 30, 2023 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Amortized |
Estimated |
Amortized |
Estimated |
|||||||||||||
|
Cost |
Fair Value |
Cost |
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
|
Due in one year or less |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Due after one year through five years |
||||||||||||||||
|
Due after five years through ten years |
||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. When available, we use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our investments, and they are included in Level 1. When quoted market prices are unobservable, we use quotes from independent pricing vendors based on recent trading activity and other relevant information, and they are included in Level 2.
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
|
Fair value measurements at September 28, 2024 using: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total Estimated |
||||||||||||||||
|
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
|
Cash |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Money market funds |
||||||||||||||||
|
U.S. treasury securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Bank certificates of deposit |
||||||||||||||||
|
Asset-backed securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Foreign government security |
||||||||||||||||
|
Municipal securities |
||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
|
Fair value measurements at December 30, 2023 using: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total Estimated |
||||||||||||||||
|
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
|
Cash |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Money market funds |
||||||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
U.S. treasury securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Bank certificates of deposit |
||||||||||||||||
|
Asset-backed securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Foreign government security |
||||||||||||||||
|
Municipal securities |
||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
|
6. |
Employee Stock Benefit Plans |
Our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (“2005 Plan”) and the Cohu, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) are broad-based, long-term retention programs intended to attract, motivate, and retain talented employees as well as align stockholder and employee interests. Awards that may be granted under the 2005 Plan include, but are not limited to, non-qualified and incentive stock options, restricted stock units, and performance stock units. We settle employee stock option exercises, employee stock purchase plan purchases, and the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock units with newly issued common shares. On September 28, 2024, there were
Stock Options
Stock options may be granted to employees, consultants and non-employee directors to purchase a fixed number of shares of our common stock. The exercise prices of options granted are at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the dates of grant and options vest and become exercisable in annual increments that range from to years from the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan have a maximum contractual term of years. In the first nine months of fiscal 2024, we did grant any stock options and as of September 28, 2024, stock options were exercisable and outstanding.
Restricted Stock Units
We grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees, consultants and directors. RSUs vest in annual increments that range from to years from the date of grant. Prior to vesting, RSUs do not have dividend equivalent rights, do not have voting rights and the shares underlying the RSUs are not considered issued and outstanding. Shares of our common stock will be issued on the date the RSUs vest net of the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be fewer than the number of RSUs outstanding on September 28, 2024.
In the first nine months of fiscal 2024, we awarded
Performance Stock Units
We grant performance stock units (“PSUs”) to certain senior executives as a part of our long-term equity compensation program. The number of shares of common stock that will ultimately be issued to settle PSUs granted ranges from
We estimate the fair value of the PSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period. To the extent applicable performance conditions are satisfied, shares of our common stock are issued on the date the PSUs vest net of the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be fewer than the actual number of PSUs outstanding on September 28, 2024.
In the first nine months of fiscal 2024, we awarded
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The ESPP provides for the issuance of shares of our common stock. Under the ESPP, eligible employees may purchase shares of Cohu common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to
|
7. |
Derivative Financial Instruments |
Economic (Non-Designated) Hedges
We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage our foreign exchange exposure related to intercompany transactions and other balance sheet items that are subject to revaluation. For accounting purposes, our foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments are recorded at fair value as of the end of our reporting period in our condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded within foreign transaction gain (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for both realized and unrealized gains and losses. The gain or loss recorded on these instruments is substantially offset by the remeasurement adjustment on the foreign currency denominated asset or liability.
The location and amount of gains and losses related to non-designated derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||
|
Derivatives not designated |
Location of gain (loss) |
Sep. 28, |
Sep. 30, |
Sep. 28, |
Sep. 30, |
||||||||||||
|
as hedging instruments |
recognized on derivatives |
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
||||||||||||
|
Foreign exchange forward contracts |
Foreign transaction gain (loss) |
$ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||
Net Investment Hedges
In the third quarter of fiscal 2024 we began hedging foreign currency risk associated with net investment positions in certain of our foreign subsidiaries. To accomplish this, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts that are designated as hedges of our net investment.
The location and amount of gains and losses from net investment hedges recorded in the foreign currency translation component of accumulated AOCI were as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||
|
Derivatives designated |
Location of gain (loss) |
Sep. 28, |
Sep. 30, |
Sep. 28, |
Sep. 30, |
||||||||||||
|
as hedging instruments |
recognized on derivatives |
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
||||||||||||
|
Foreign exchange forward contracts |
AOCI |
$ | ( |
) | N/A | $ | ( |
) | N/A | ||||||||
Gains recognized in foreign transaction gain (loss), in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the portion of the net investment hedges excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness was $
Cash flows associated with the settlement of all our foreign currency forward contracts are reported in net cash provided by operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Fair Value
The fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts was determined based on current foreign currency exchange rates and forward points. All our foreign currency forward contracts outstanding on September 28, 2024 will mature during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.
The following table provides information about our foreign currency forward contracts outstanding as of September 28, 2024 (in thousands):
|
Contract Amount |
Contract Amount |
||||||||
|
Currency |
Contract Position |
(Local Currency) |
(U.S. Dollars) |
||||||
|
Euro |
Buy |
$ | |||||||
|
Swiss Franc |
Buy |
||||||||
|
Malaysian Ringgit |
Buy |
||||||||
|
South Korean Won |
Buy |
||||||||
|
Japanese Yen |
Buy |
||||||||
| Euro |
Sell |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
|
Swiss Franc |
Sell |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Our foreign currency contracts are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they are valued using pricing models that utilize observable market inputs. The fair values of foreign currency contracts outstanding on September 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023 were immaterial.
|
9. |
Equity |
Share Repurchase Program
On October 28, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a $
|
10. |
Income Taxes |
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”). The provision or benefit for income taxes is attributable to U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes. Our effective tax rate (“ETR”) used for interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for the tax effect of items required to be recorded discretely in the interim periods in which those items occur. Our ETR is different than the statutory rate in the U.S. due to foreign income taxed at different rates than in the U.S., generation of tax credits, changes in uncertain tax benefit positions, changes to valuation allowances, and the impact of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and the Base Erosion and Anti-abuse Tax (“BEAT”). In addition, we have numerous tax holidays related to our manufacturing operations in Malaysia and the Philippines. The tax holiday periods expire at various times in the future; however, we actively seek to obtain new tax holidays.
We conduct business globally and, as a result, Cohu or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the US and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examinations by taxing authorities throughout the world and are currently under examination in Germany, the Philippines, Malaysia and California. We believe our financial statement accruals for income taxes are appropriate.
Companies are required to assess whether a valuation allowance should be recorded against their deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) based on the consideration of all available evidence, using a “more likely than not” realization standard. The four sources of taxable income that must be considered in determining whether DTAs will be realized are, (1) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences (i.e. offset of gross deferred tax assets against gross deferred tax liabilities); (2) taxable income in prior carryback years, if carryback is permitted under the tax law; (3) tax planning strategies and (4) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards.
In assessing whether a valuation allowance is required, significant weight is to be given to evidence that can be objectively verified. We have evaluated our DTAs at each reporting period, including an assessment of our cumulative income or loss over the prior three-year period and future periods, to determine if a valuation allowance was required.
Based on the evidence available, including a lack of sustainable earnings and history of expiring unused NOLs, and tax credits, we continue to maintain our judgment that a previously recorded valuation allowance against substantially all net deferred tax assets in the United States is required. If a change in judgment regarding this valuation allowance were to occur in the future, we will record a potentially material deferred tax benefit, which could result in a favorable impact on the effective tax rate in that period.
In accordance with the disclosure requirements in ASC 740, we have classified unrecognized tax benefits as non-current income tax liabilities, or a reduction in non-current deferred tax assets, unless they are expected to be paid within one year. Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
|
11. |
Leases |
We lease certain of our facilities, equipment and vehicles under non-cancelable operating and finance leases. Leases with initial terms of 12 months or less are not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, but we recognize those lease payments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease and non-lease components are included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liabilities.
Our leases have remaining lease terms of
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
|
(in thousands) |
Classification |
September 28, 2024 |
December 30, 2023 |
||||||
|
Assets |
|||||||||
|
Operating lease assets |
Operating lease right-of-use assets (1) |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Finance lease assets |
Property, plant and equipment, net (1) |
||||||||
|
Total lease assets |
$ | $ | |||||||
|
Liabilities |
|||||||||
|
Current |
|||||||||
|
Operating |
Other accrued liabilities (1) |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Finance |
Other accrued liabilities (1) |
||||||||
|
Noncurrent |
|||||||||
|
Operating |
Long-term lease liabilities |
||||||||
|
Finance |
Long-term lease liabilities |
||||||||
|
Total lease liabilities |
$ | $ | |||||||
|
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |
|||||||||
|
Operating leases |
|||||||||
|
Finance leases |
|||||||||
|
Weighted-average discount rate |
|||||||||
|
Operating leases |
% | % | |||||||
|
Finance leases |
% | % | |||||||
|
(1) |
|
The components of lease expense were as follows:
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
||||||||||||
|
Operating leases |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Variable lease expense |
||||||||||||||||
|
Short-term operating leases |
||||||||||||||||
|
Finance leases |
||||||||||||||||
|
Amortization of leased assets |
||||||||||||||||
|
Interest on lease liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Sublease income |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||
|
Net lease cost |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Future minimum lease payments on September 28, 2024, are as follows:
|
Operating |
Finance |
|||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
leases |
leases |
Total |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
|
2025 |
||||||||||||
|
2026 |
||||||||||||
|
2027 |
||||||||||||
|
2028 |
||||||||||||
|
Thereafter |
||||||||||||
|
Total lease payments |
||||||||||||
|
Less: Interest |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||
|
Present value of lease liabilities |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
|
Nine Months Ended |
||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
September 28, 2024 |
September 30, 2023 |
||||||
|
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |
||||||||
|
Operating cash flows from operating leases |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Operating cash flows from finance leases |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Financing cash flows from finance leases |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Financing lease assets acquired in MCT acquisition |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
Operating lease assets acquired in MCT acquisition |
$ | $ | ||||||
|
12. |
Contingencies |
From time-to-time we are involved in various legal proceedings, examinations by various tax authorities and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain. While there can be no assurance, we do not believe at the present time that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our assets, financial position or results of operations.
|
13. |
Guarantees |
Product Warranty
Our products are generally sold with warranty periods that range from
Changes in accrued warranty were as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||
|
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||
|
Balance at beginning of period |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Warranty expense accruals |
||||||||||||||||
|
Warranty payments |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||
|
Liability acquired |
||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at end of period |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accrued warranty amounts expected to be incurred after one year are included in noncurrent other accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. These amounts totaled $
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements including expectations of market conditions, challenges and plans, within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is subject to the Safe Harbor provisions created by that statute. Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs, including estimates and projections about our business and include, but are not limited to, statements concerning financial position, business strategy, our industry environment, market growth expectations, and plans or objectives for future operations. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict and may cause actual results to differ materially from management’s current expectations. Such risks and uncertainties include those set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors”. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the time they are made, and do not necessarily reflect management’s outlook at any other point in time. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or for any other reason, however, readers should carefully review the risk factors set forth in other reports or documents we file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Quarterly Report. This Form 10-Q also contains estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for certain of our products. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this industry, business, market, and other data from reports, research surveys, studies, and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry, and general publications, government data, and similar sources.
OVERVIEW
Cohu is a leading supplier of test and inspection metrology automation systems, MEMS test modules, test contactors, thermal subsystems, data analytics software to optimize manufacturing yield and productivity, and automated test equipment (ATE) used by global semiconductor manufacturers and test subcontractors. We offer a wide range of products and services and our revenue from capital equipment products is driven by the capital expenditure and operating budgets of our customers, who often abruptly delay or accelerate purchases in reaction to variations in their business. The level of expenditure by these companies depends on the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductor devices and the products that incorporate them. Our recurring products are driven by the number of semiconductor devices that are tested and by the continuous introduction of new products and new technologies by our customers. As a result, our recurring products provide a more stable recurring source of revenue and generally do not have the same degree of cyclicality as our capital equipment products.
On January 30, 2023, we completed the acquisition of MCT, a U.S.-based company. MCT provides automated solutions for the semiconductor industry and designs, manufactures, markets, services and distributes strip test handlers, film frame handlers and laser mark handlers. On October 2, 2023, we acquired EQT, a Singapore-based company. EQT is a provider of semiconductor test contactors and other test consumables. MCT and EQT are included in Cohu’s consolidated results of operations as of each date of acquisition.
During 2023 and into the first nine months of fiscal 2024, global macroeconomic and geopolitical factors impacted the semiconductor industry. In response to the higher cost of capital and slowing demand, and above targeted inventory levels, many chip companies have been cutting costs, reducing employee headcount, and pushing out capital expenditures for additional capacity. For the third quarter ended September 28, 2024, on a sequential, quarter-over-quarter basis, our consolidated net sales declined 9.0% to $95.3 million due to lower demand in automotive, industrial, and mobile applications, driven by these global economic conditions.
We continue to focus on building a well-balanced and resilient business model, executing on customer design-wins and in developing innovative products. Our long-term market drivers and market strategy remain intact, and we are encouraged by increased use of semiconductors including the most recent developments in artificial intelligence (“AI”), along with customer traction with our new products. We continue to capture new customers and new opportunities and remain optimistic about the long-term prospects for our business due to the increasing ubiquity of semiconductors, increasing semiconductor complexity, increasing quality demands from semiconductor customers, increasing test intensity, increasing focus on automation and Industry 4.0 initiatives, and continued proliferation of electronics in a variety of products across the automotive, mobile, industrial, computing, and consumer markets.
Application of Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience, forecasts and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, however actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.
Our critical accounting estimates that we believe are the most important to investors’ understanding of our financial results and condition and require complex management judgment include:
|
● |
revenue recognition, including the deferral of revenue on sales to customers, which impacts our results of operations; |
|
● |
estimation of valuation allowances and accrued liabilities, specifically inventory reserves, which impact gross margin or operating expenses; |
|
● |
the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and accounting for the impact of the change to U.S. tax law as described herein, which impact our tax provision; and |
|
● |
the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets and goodwill and other intangible assets, which primarily impacts gross margin or operating expenses if we are required to record impairments of assets or accelerate their depreciation. |
Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies; however, these policies typically do not require us to make estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.
Revenue Recognition: Our net sales are derived from the sale of products and services and are adjusted for estimated returns and allowances, which historically have been insignificant. We recognize revenue when the obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our systems and non-system products or the completion of services. In circumstances where control is not transferred until destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements is generally recognized upon shipment. In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated and in the case of new products, revenue and cost of sales are deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include standard warranties. Service revenue is recognized over time as the transfer of control is completed for the related contract or upon completion of the services if they are short-term in nature. Spares, contactor and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment. Certain of our equipment sales have multiple performance obligations. These arrangements involve the delivery or performance of multiple performance obligations, that may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple performance obligations, the revenue relating to the undelivered performance obligation is deferred using the relative standalone selling price method utilizing estimated sales prices until satisfaction of the deferred performance obligation. Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates. On September 28, 2024, we had $5.8 million of revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) with expected durations of over one year. As allowed under ASC 606, we have opted not to disclose unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with original expected durations of less than one year. We generally sell our equipment with a product warranty. The product warranty provides assurance to customers that delivered products are as specified in the contract (an “assurance-type warranty”). Therefore, we account for such product warranties under ASC 460, and not as a separate performance obligation. The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to customers that are known as of the end of the reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes sales made to certain customers with cumulative tier volume discounts offered. Variable consideration arrangements are rare; however, when they occur, we estimate variable consideration as the expected value to which we expect to be entitled. Included in the transaction price estimate are amounts in which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. This estimate is based on information available for projected future sales. Variable consideration that does not meet revenue recognition criteria is deferred. Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customer. Payments terms do not exceed one year from the invoice date and therefore do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in any of the periods presented. On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is generally recorded as deferred profit in the condensed consolidated balance sheet representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped.
Accounts Receivable: We maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors throughout many areas of the world. While we believe that our allowance for credit losses is adequate and represents our best estimate of future losses, we will continue to monitor customer liquidity and other economic conditions, which may result in changes to our estimates.
Inventory: The valuation of inventory requires us to estimate obsolete or excess inventory as well as inventory that is not of saleable quality. The determination of obsolete or excess inventory requires us to estimate the future demand for our products. The demand forecast is a direct input in the development of our short-term manufacturing plans. We record valuation reserves on our inventory for estimated excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value concerns equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand, market conditions and product selling prices. If future product demand, market conditions or product selling prices are less than those projected by management or if continued modifications to products are required to meet specifications or other customer requirements, increases to inventory reserves may be required which would have a negative impact on our gross margin.
Income Taxes: We estimate our liability for income taxes based on the various jurisdictions where we conduct business. This requires us to estimate our (i) current taxes; (ii) temporary differences that result from differing treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes and (iii) unrecognized tax benefits. Temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Establishing, reducing or increasing a valuation allowance in an accounting period generally results in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the statement of operations. We must make significant judgments to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits and any valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets. Our deferred tax assets consist primarily of research and development costs that are required to be capitalized under IRC Section 174, net of related amortization, reserves and accruals that are not yet deductible for tax, and tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards.
Segment Information: We applied the provisions of ASC 280, which sets forth a management approach to segment reporting and establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products, major customers and the geographies in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. An operating segment is defined as a component that engages in business activities whose operating results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker and for which discrete financial information is available. We have determined that our three identified operating segments are: THG, STG and ISG. Our THG, STG and ISG operating segments qualify for aggregation under ASC 280 due to similarities in their customers, their economic characteristics, and the nature of products and services provided. As a result, we report in one segment, Semiconductor Test & Inspection.
Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-lived Assets: We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and its carrying value of goodwill, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill. We estimate the fair values of our reporting units using a weighting of the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, we use a discounted cash flow methodology to derive an indication of value, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions related to forecasted revenues, gross profit margins, operating income margins, working capital cash flow, perpetual growth rates, and long-term discount rates, among others. For the market approach, we use the guideline public company method. Under this method we utilize information from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting units, to create valuation multiples that are applied to the operating performance metrics of the reporting unit being tested, in order to obtain an indication of value. We then apply a 50/50 weighting to the indicated values from the income and market approaches to derive the fair values of the reporting units. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on customer forecasts, industry trade organization data and general economic conditions. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors.
We conduct our annual impairment test as of October 1st of each year and have determined there was no impairment as of October 1, 2023, as we determined that the estimated fair values of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values on that date. Other events and changes in circumstances may also require goodwill to be tested for impairment between annual measurement dates. As of September 28, 2024, we do not believe there were indicators of impairment requiring an interim test. In the event we determine that an interim goodwill impairment review is required in a future period, the review may result in an impairment charge, which would have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value.
During the first nine months of fiscal 2024, no events or conditions occurred suggesting an impairment in our long-lived assets.
Warranty: We provide for the estimated costs of product warranties in the period sales are recognized. Our warranty obligation estimates are affected by historical product shipment levels, product performance and material and labor costs incurred in correcting product performance problems. Should product performance, material usage or labor repair costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.
Contingencies: We are subject to certain contingencies that arise in the ordinary course of our businesses which require us to assess the likelihood that future events will confirm the existence of a loss or an impairment of an asset. If a loss or asset impairment is probable and the amount of the loss or impairment is reasonably estimable, we accrue a charge to operations in the period such conditions become known.
Share-based Compensation: Share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards is calculated based on the market price of our common stock on the grant date, reduced by the present value of dividends expected to be paid on our common stock prior to vesting of the restricted stock unit. When granted, share-based compensation on performance stock units with market-based goals is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of the grant. Share-based compensation expense related to stock options is recorded based on the fair value of the award on its grant date, which we estimate using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of accounting changes and recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements, see “Recent Accounting Pronouncements”, in Note 1 located in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Recent Transactions Impacting Results of Operations
On January 30, 2023, we completed the acquisition of MCT, and on October 2, 2023 we acquired EQT. MCT and EQT have been included in our condensed consolidated results of operations as of each date of acquisition.
The following table summarizes certain operating data as a percentage of net sales:
|
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
September 28, |
September 30, |
September 28, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||
|
2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||
|
Net sales |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
|
Cost of sales |
(53.2 | )% | (53.0 | )% | (54.2 | )% | (52.5 | )% | ||||||||
|
Gross margin |
46.8 | % | 47.0 | % | 45.8 | % | 47.5 | % | ||||||||
|
Research and development |
(21.3 | )% | (14.2 | )% | (20.8 | )% | (13.3 | )% | ||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
(31.8 | )% | (21.5 | )% | (31.7 | )% | (19.9 | )% | ||||||||
|
Amortization of purchased intangible assets |
(10.2 | )% | (5.9 | )% | (9.6 | )% | (5.3 | )% | ||||||||
|
Restructuring charges |
0.0 | % | (0.5 | )% | 0.0 | % | (0.4 | )% | ||||||||
|
Income (loss) from operations |
(16.5 | )% | 4.9 | % | (16.3 | )% | 8.6 | % | ||||||||
Third Quarter of Fiscal 2024 Compared to Third Quarter of Fiscal 2023
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales decreased 36.8% to $95.3 million in 2024, compared to $150.8 million in 2023 primarily due to the current global macroeconomic environment, which is driving lower demand for automotive, industrial, computing, and mobile applications. Consolidated net sales in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 include $3.0 million of net sales of EQT, which Cohu acquired on October 2, 2023.
Gross Margin (exclusive of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets described below)
Gross margin consists of net sales less cost of sales. Cost of sales consists primarily of materials, assembly, test labor, and overhead from operations. Our gross margin can fluctuate due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the mix and volume of products sold, product support costs, changes in inventory reserves, the sale of previously reserved inventory and business volume which impacts the utilization of our manufacturing capacity. Our gross margin, as a percentage of net sales for the third fiscal quarter, was 46.8% in 2024 and 47.0% in 2023. During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, our gross margin declined slightly due to lower business volume impacting our ability to leverage fixed costs.
We compute the majority of our excess and obsolete inventory reserve requirements using inventory usage forecasts. During the third quarter of fiscal 2024 and 2023, we recorded charges to cost of sales of $0.8 million and $1.0 million for excess and obsolete inventory, respectively. We believe our reserves for excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value are adequate to cover known exposures as of September 28, 2024. Further reductions in customer forecasts, continued modifications to products, or our failure to meet specifications or other customer requirements, may result in additional charges to operations that could negatively impact our gross margin in future periods.
Research and Development Expense (“R&D Expense”)
R&D expense consists primarily of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in ongoing research, product design and development activities, costs of engineering materials and supplies and professional consulting expenses. R&D expense was $20.3 million in fiscal 2024 and $21.5 million in fiscal 2023 representing 21.3% and 14.2% of net sales, respectively. During the third fiscal quarter of 2024 R&D expenses decreased due to lower spending on material costs associated with new product development and lower incentive compensation due to current business conditions. Our R&D costs in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 included $0.4 million of incremental costs from EQT.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (“SG&A Expense”)
SG&A expense consists primarily of salaries and benefit costs of employees, commission expense for independent sales representatives, product promotion and costs of professional services. SG&A expense was $30.3 million or 31.8% of net sales in fiscal 2024, compared to $32.4 million or 21.5% in fiscal 2023. The increase in SG&A expense as a percentage of net sales is a result of lower sales in fiscal 2024. SG&A expense during the third fiscal quarter of 2024 was down on a year-over-year basis due to lower incentive compensation due to current business conditions. SG&A expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 also includes $0.5 million of one-time severance costs resulting from manufacturing transition related to the expansion of our factories in the Philippines and Malaysia and $0.7 million of incremental SG&A costs from the operations of EQT. The third quarter of fiscal 2023 included $0.4 million of incremental SG&A costs from the operations of MCT and $0.8 million of transaction related costs incurred specifically related to the acquisitions of MCT and EQT. No transaction costs were incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2024.
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
Amortization of purchased intangibles is the process of expensing the cost of an intangible asset acquired through a business combination over the projected life of the asset. Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets was $9.8 million and $8.9 million in the third fiscal quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in expense recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2024 resulted from the amortization of acquired intangible assets from the acquisition of EQT.
Restructuring Charges
During the first quarter of 2023, we began a strategic restructuring and integration program in connection with the acquisition of MCT. Restructuring costs incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 related to the integration of MCT which was acquired on January 30, 2023 totaled $0.7 million. Amounts for restructuring recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 were not material.
See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information with respect to restructuring charges.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense was $0.1 million and $0.8 million in the third fiscal quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. On February 9, 2024, we repaid the remaining outstanding amounts owed under our Term Loan Credit Facility. The payoff of our Term Loan Credit Facility resulted in lower interest expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year.
Interest income was $2.6 million and $3.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in interest income year-over-year is a result of lower investment balances in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 resulting from the repayment of the Term Loan Credit Facility.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740. The provision or benefit for income taxes is attributable to U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes. Our effective tax rate (“ETR”) used for interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for the tax effect of items required to be recorded discretely in the interim periods in which those items occur. Our ETR is different than the statutory rate in the U.S. due to foreign income taxed at different rates than the U.S., generation of tax credits, changes in uncertain tax benefit positions, changes to valuation allowances, and the impact of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and the Base Erosion and Anti-abuse Tax (“BEAT”). In addition, we have numerous tax holidays related to our manufacturing operations in Malaysia and the Philippines. The tax holiday periods expire at various times in the future; however, we actively seek to obtain new tax holidays.
Our third quarter 2024 ETR reflects the impact of certain foreign earnings taxed at rates higher than the U.S. statutory rate and an increase in the U.S. valuation allowance, primarily attributable to capitalized research and development costs and intangible assets.
We conduct business globally and as a result, Cohu or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the US and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examinations by taxing authorities throughout the world and are currently under examination in Germany, the Philippines, Malaysia and California. We believe our financial statement accruals for income taxes are appropriate.
In accordance with the disclosure requirements as described in ASC 740, we have classified unrecognized tax benefits as non-current income tax liabilities, or a reduction in non-current deferred tax assets, unless expected to be paid within one year. Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
Net Income (Loss)
As a result of the factors set forth above, our net loss was $18.1 million for the three months ended September 28, 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, our net income was $3.9 million.
First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 Compared to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales decreased 38.4% to $307.7 million in 2024, compared to $499.1 million in 2023 due to the current global macroeconomic environment, which is driving lower demand for automotive, industrial, computing, and mobile applications. Consolidated net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 include $11.7 million of net sales of EQT, which Cohu acquired on October 2, 2023.
Gross Margin (exclusive of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets described below)
Our gross margin, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 45.8% in 2024 from 47.5% in 2023 due to lower business volume impacting our ability to leverage fixed costs.
In the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and 2023 we recorded charges to cost of sales for excess and obsolete inventory of approximately $2.8 million and $4.0 million, respectively. We believe our reserves for excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or market concerns are adequate to cover known exposures as of September 28, 2024. Reductions in customer forecasts or continued modifications to products, or our failure to meet specifications or other customer requirements may result in additional charges to operations that could negatively impact our results of operations and gross margin in future periods.
R&D Expense
R&D expense was $64.0 million or 20.8% of net sales in 2024, compared to $66.5 million or 13.3% in 2023. R&D expense decreased during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 due to lower spending on material costs associated with new product development during the current year and lower incentive compensation due to current business conditions. The first nine months of fiscal 2024 included $1.3 million of incremental costs from EQT.
SG&A Expense
SG&A expense was $97.5 million or 31.7% of net sales in 2024, compared to $99.4 million or 19.9% in 2023. The increase in SG&A expense as a percentage of net sales is a result of lower sales in the first nine months of fiscal 2024. SG&A expense during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 was down on a year-over-year basis due to lower incentive compensation due to current business conditions. SG&A expense during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 includes $3.4 million of one-time severance costs resulting from manufacturing transition related to the expansion of our factories in the Philippines and Malaysia, a $0.9 million impairment charge related to our investment in Fraes-und Technologiezentrum GmbH Frasdorf (“FTZ”), a company based in Germany that provides milling services to one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, $2.4 million of incremental SG&A costs from the operations of EQT, and $0.2 million of transaction costs related to our acquisition of MCT and EQT. The first nine months of fiscal 2023 included $1.3 million of transaction related costs incurred specifically related to the acquisitions of MCT and EQT.
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets was $29.3 million and $26.6 million for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in expense recorded during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 was a result of the amortization of acquired intangible assets from MCT and EQT.
Restructuring Charges
We recorded restructuring charges totaling $2.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2023. Amounts recorded related to restructuring in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 were not material. Costs incurred in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and 2023 relate to the integration of MCT which was acquired on January 30, 2023.
See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information with respect to restructuring charges.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense was $0.5 million and $2.6 million in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. On February 9, 2024, we repaid the remaining outstanding amounts owed under our Term Loan Credit Facility. We accounted for the transaction as a debt extinguishment, which resulted in us recognizing a loss of $0.2 million to write-off all remaining debt discount and deferred financing costs. The payoff of our Term Loan Credit Facility has resulted in lower interest expense in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period.
Interest income was $7.7 million and $8.7 million in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The year-over-year decrease resulted from lower cash and investment balances in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 due to the repayment of the Term Loan Credit Facility.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740. The provision or benefit for income taxes is attributable to U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes. Our effective tax rate (“ETR”) used for interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for the tax effect of items required to be recorded discretely in the interim periods in which those items occur. Our ETR is different than the statutory rate in the U.S. due to foreign income taxed at different rates than the U.S., generation of tax credits, changes in uncertain tax benefit positions, changes to valuation allowances, and the impact of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and the Base Erosion and Anti-abuse Tax (“BEAT”). In addition, we have numerous tax holidays related to our manufacturing operations in Malaysia and the Philippines. The tax holiday periods expire at various times in the future; however, we actively seek to obtain new tax holidays.
The ETR on income for the nine months ended September 28, 2024 reflects the impact of certain foreign earnings taxed at rates higher than the U.S. statutory rate and an increase in the U.S. valuation allowance attributable to capitalized research and development costs, offset by a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits in certain foreign tax jurisdictions.
We conduct business globally and as a result, Cohu or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the US and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examinations by taxing authorities throughout the world and are currently under examination in Germany, the Philippines, Malaysia and California. We believe our financial statement accruals for income taxes are appropriate.
In accordance with the disclosure requirements in ASC 740, we have classified unrecognized tax benefits as non-current income tax liabilities, or a reduction in non-current deferred tax assets, unless expected to be paid within one year. Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. There was a material reduction to our unrecognized tax benefits in certain foreign tax jurisdictions during the nine months ended September 28, 2024. There were no material changes to our unrecognized tax benefits and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Net Income (Loss)
As a result of the factors set forth above, our net loss was $48.5 million for the nine months ended September 28, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our net income was $30.2 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our business is dependent on capital expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers and test subcontractors that are, in turn, dependent on the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors. The cyclical, seasonal and volatile nature of demand for semiconductor equipment, our primary industry, makes estimates of future revenues, results of operations and net cash flows difficult.
Our primary historical source of liquidity and capital resources has been cash flow generated by operations and we manage our business to maximize operating cash flows as our primary source of liquidity. We use cash to fund growth in our operating assets and to fund new products and product enhancements primarily through research and development. As of September 28, 2024, $125.1 million or 66.1% of our cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries. If these funds are needed for our operations in the U.S., we may be required to accrue and pay foreign withholding taxes if we repatriate these funds. Except for working capital requirements in certain jurisdictions, we provide for all withholding and other residual taxes related to unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.
At September 28, 2024, our total indebtedness, net of discount and deferred financing costs, included $1.9 million outstanding under Kita’s term loans, $7.2 million outstanding under Cohu GmbH’s construction loan and $1.4 million outstanding under Kita’s lines of credit. On February 9, 2024, we made a cash payment of $29.3 million to repay the remaining outstanding amounts owed under our Term Loan Credit Facility and we repurchased 915,504 shares of our outstanding common stock, to be held as treasury stock, for $27.0 million, during the first nine months of fiscal 2024.
We believe that our sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements through at least the next 12 months. Our liquidity could be negatively affected by a decrease in demand for our products. In addition, we may make acquisitions or increase our capital expenditures and may need to raise additional capital through debt or equity financing to provide for greater flexibility to fund these activities. Additional financing may not be available or not available on terms favorable to us.
Liquidity
Working Capital: The following summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and working capital:
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September 28, |
December 30, |
Percentage |
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(in thousands) |
2024 |
2023 |
Decrease |
Change |
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Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 269,238 | $ | 335,698 | $ | (66,460 | ) | (19.8 | )% | |||||||
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Working capital |
$ | 457,479 | $ | 535,397 | $ | (77,918 | ) | (14.6 | )% | |||||||
Cash Flows
Operating Activities: Operating cash flows for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 consisted of our net loss, adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in operating assets and liabilities. These adjustments include impairment charges, depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment, share-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets, deferred income taxes, amortization of cloud-based software implementation costs, impairment charge on equity investment, loss on extinguishment of debt, amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs and sales of property, plant and equipment. Our net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 totaled $4.5 million. Net cash provided by operating activities was impacted by changes in current assets and liabilities and included an increase in other current assets of $14.5 million and decreases in accounts receivable of $32.5 million, accounts payable of $10.8 million, accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities of $9.0 million, inventory of $8.1 million and income taxes payable of $3.8 million. Other current assets, which includes prepaids and income taxes receivable, increased from prepayments of certain expenses that will be utilized throughout fiscal 2024 and the timing difference of accrual and receipt of income taxes. The decreases in accounts receivable and accounts payable were a result of the timing of cash collections on net sales recognized and payments made to suppliers during the first nine months of fiscal 2024. Accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities decreased due to payments of incentive compensation related to the prior year that were paid in the first quarter of 2024 and lower accruals made during the current year period. Inventory decreased due to a reduction in purchases in response to current business conditions and the income taxes payable decrease was driven by payments.
Investing Activities: Investing cash flows consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures in support of our business, purchases of investments, business acquisitions and proceeds from investment maturities, and asset disposals and business divestitures. Our net cash provided by investing activities in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 totaled $3.7 million. We generated $76.8 million from sales and maturities and used $65.6 million of cash for purchases of short-term investments in the first nine months of fiscal 2024. We invest our excess cash, in an attempt to seek the highest available return while preserving capital, in short-term investments since excess cash may be required for a business-related purpose. Additions to property, plant and equipment in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 of $7.6 million, which were made to support our operating and development activities and include amounts related to the expansion of our factories in the Philippines and Malaysia.
Financing Activities: Financing cash flows consist primarily of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our stock option and employee stock purchase plans and repayments of debt. We issue restricted stock units, including performance stock units, and maintain an employee stock purchase plan as components of our overall employee compensation. In the first nine months of fiscal 2024, cash used to settle the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on behalf of our employees upon vesting of restricted and performance stock awards, net of proceeds from shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan, was $2.6 million. We made payments totaling $27.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 for shares of our common stock repurchased under our share repurchase program to be held as treasury stock. Repayments of debt during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 totaled $30.4 million.
Share Repurchase Program
On October 28, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a $70 million share repurchase program. This share repurchase program was effective as of November 2, 2021, and has no expiration date. On October 25, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $70 million under the share repurchase program. The timing of share repurchases and the number of shares of common stock to be repurchased will depend upon prevailing market conditions and other factors. Repurchases under this program will be made using our existing cash resources and may be commenced or suspended from time-to-time at our discretion without prior notice. Repurchases may be made in the open market, through 10b5-1 programs, or in privately negotiated transactions at prevailing market rates in accordance with federal securities laws. For the nine months ended September 28, 2024, we repurchased 915,504 shares of our common stock for $27.0 million to be held as treasury stock. As of September 28, 2024, $31.4 million remained available for us to repurchase shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program.
Capital Resources
We have access to credit facilities and other borrowings provided by financial institutions to finance acquisitions, capital expenditures and our operations if needed. A summary of our borrowings and available credit is as follows.
Credit Agreement
On October 1, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement providing for a $350.0 million Term Loan Credit Facility and borrowed the full amount to finance a portion of the Xcerra acquisition. Loans under the Term Loan Credit Facility amortize in equal quarterly installments of 0.25% of the original principal amount, with the balance payable at maturity. All outstanding principal and interest in respect of the Term Loan Credit Facility would have been due on or before October 1, 2025. The loans under the Term Loan Credit Facility bore interest, at Cohu’s option, at a floating annual rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 3.00%. On June 16, 2023, in connection with the discontinuation of LIBOR, we entered into an amendment to our Term Loan Credit Facility, which provided for the transition of the benchmark interest rate from LIBOR to SOFR. Effective with the interest period beginning July 1, 2023, LIBOR was replaced with Adjusted Term SOFR, a floating annual rate equal to SOFR plus a margin of 3.0%. At December 30, 2023, the outstanding loan balance, net of discount and deferred financing costs, was $29.1 million and $3.4 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
On February 9, 2024, we made a cash payment of $29.3 million to repay the remaining outstanding amounts owed under our Term Loan Credit Facility. We accounted for the transaction as a debt extinguishment, and in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 we recognized a loss of $0.2 million due to the recognition of the remaining debt discount and deferred financing costs. During the first nine months of fiscal 2023, we repurchased $34.1 million in principal of our Term Loan Credit Facility for $34.1 million in cash. This resulted in a loss of $0.4 million reflected in other expense in our condensed consolidated statement of operations and a corresponding $0.4 million reduction in debt discounts and deferred financing costs in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Kita Term Loans
We have a series of term loans with Japanese financial institutions primarily related to the expansion of our facility in Osaka, Japan. The loans are collateralized by the facility and land, carry interest at rates ranging from 0.05% to 0.69%, and expire at various dates through 2034. At September 28, 2024, the outstanding loan balance was $1.9 million and $0.2 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 30, 2023, the outstanding loan balance was $2.1 million and $0.2 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The term loans are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Construction Loans
In July 2019 and June 2020, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries located in Germany entered into a series of Loan Facilities with a German financial institution providing it with total borrowings of up to €10.1 million. The Loan Facilities were utilized to finance the expansion of our facility in Kolbermoor, Germany and are secured by the land and the existing building on the site. The Loan Facilities bear interest at agreed upon rates based on the facility amounts as discussed below.
The first facility totaling €3.4 million has been fully drawn and is payable over 10 years at a fixed annual interest rate of 0.8%. Principal and interest payments are due each quarter over the duration of the facility ending in September 2029. The second facility totaling €5.2 million has been fully drawn and is payable over 15 years at an annual interest rate of 1.05%, which is fixed until April 2027. Principal and interest payments are due each month over the duration of the facility ending in January 2034. The third facility totaling €0.9 million has been fully drawn and is payable over 10 years at an annual interest rate of 1.2%. Principal and interest payments are due each month over the duration of the facility ending in May 2030.
At September 28, 2024, total outstanding borrowings under the Loan Facilities was $7.2 million with $1.0 million of the total outstanding balance being presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 30, 2023, total outstanding borrowings under the Loan Facilities was $7.7 million with $1.0 million of the total outstanding balance being presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The loans are denominated in Euros and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates. The fair value of the debt approximates the carrying value at September 28, 2024.
Lines of Credit
As a result of our acquisition of Kita, we assumed a series of revolving credit facilities with various financial institutions in Japan. The credit facilities renew monthly and provide Kita with access to working capital totaling up to 960 million Japanese Yen of which 200 million Japanese Yen is drawn. At September 28, 2024, total borrowings outstanding under the revolving lines of credit were $1.4 million. As these credit facility agreements renew monthly, they have been included in short-term borrowings in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The revolving lines of credit are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Our wholly owned subsidiary in Switzerland has one available line of credit which provides it with borrowings of up to a total of 2.0 million Swiss Francs, a portion of which is reserved for tax guarantees. At September 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, no amounts were outstanding under this line of credit.
We also have a letter of credit facility (“LC Facility”) under which Bank of America, N.A., has agreed to administer the issuance of letters of credit on our behalf. The LC Facility requires us to maintain deposits of cash or other approved investments in amounts that approximate our outstanding letters of credit and contains customary restrictive covenants. In addition, our wholly owned subsidiary, Xcerra, has arrangements with various financial institutions for the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees. As of September 28, 2024, $0.5 million was outstanding under standby letters of credit and bank guarantees.
We expect that we will continue to make capital expenditures to support our business and we anticipate that present working capital will be sufficient to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Contractual Obligations: Our significant contractual obligations consist of liabilities for debt, operating leases, unrecognized tax benefits, pensions, post-retirement benefits and warranties. On February 9, 2024, we made a cash payment of $29.3 million to repay the remaining outstanding amounts owed under our Term Loan Credit Facility. Aside from the repayment of the remaining outstanding principal of our Term Loan Credit Facility, there were no material changes to these obligations outside the ordinary course of business from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2023.
Commitments to contract manufacturers and suppliers: From time to time, we enter into commitments with our vendors and outsourcing partners to purchase inventory at fixed prices or in guaranteed quantities. We are not able to determine the aggregate amount of such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. Our purchase orders are based on our current manufacturing needs and are fulfilled by our vendors within relatively short time horizons. We typically do not have significant agreements for the purchase of raw materials or other goods specifying minimum quantities or set prices that exceed our expected requirements for the next three months.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: During the ordinary course of business, we provide standby letters of credit instruments to certain parties as required. As of September 28, 2024, $0.5 million was outstanding under standby letters of credit.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. |
Investment and Interest Rate Risk.
At September 28, 2024, our investment portfolio included short-term fixed-income investment securities with a fair value of approximately $80.0 million, and we did not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and will likely decline in value if interest rates increase. Our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. As we classify our short-term securities as available-for-sale, no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be credit-related. Due to the relatively short duration of our investment portfolio, an immediate ten percent change in interest rates would have no material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
We evaluate our investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary losses by reviewing factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for anticipated recovery of market value. As of September 28, 2024, the cost and fair value of investments we held with loss positions were both approximately $11.5 million. We evaluated the nature of these investments, credit worthiness of the issuer and the duration of these impairments to determine if a credit loss exists. We have the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk.
We have operations in several foreign countries and conduct business in the local currency in these countries. As a result, we have risk associated with currency fluctuations as the value of foreign currencies fluctuate against the U.S. Dollar, in particular the Swiss Franc, Euro, Malaysian Ringgit, Chinese Yuan, Philippine Peso and Japanese Yen. These fluctuations can impact our reported earnings.
We enter into foreign currency forward contracts with a financial institution to hedge against future movements in foreign exchange rates that affect certain existing U.S. Dollar denominated assets and liabilities at our subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency. Under this program, our strategy is to have increases or decreases in our foreign currency exposures mitigated by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risks and volatility associated with foreign currency transaction gains or losses.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also impact the U.S. Dollar amount of our net investment in foreign operations and in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 we began hedging foreign currency risk associated with net investment positions in certain of our foreign subsidiaries by entering foreign currency forward contracts that are designated as hedges of net investment. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also impact the U.S. Dollar amount of our net investment in foreign operations. The assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense accounts are translated at an average exchange rate during the period which approximates the rates in effect at the transaction dates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. As a result of fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. Dollar as of September 28, 2024, compared to December 30, 2023, our stockholders’ equity decreased by $2.9 million as a result of the foreign currency translation.
Based upon the current levels of net foreign assets, a hypothetical 10% devaluation of the U.S. Dollar as compared to these currencies as of September 28, 2024 would result in an approximate $30.1 million positive translation adjustment recorded in other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% appreciation of the U.S. Dollar as compared to these currencies as of September 28, 2024 would result in an approximate $30.1 million negative translation adjustment recorded in other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity.
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Controls and Procedures. |
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the three months ended September 28, 2024, we did not make any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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OTHER INFORMATION |
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Legal Proceedings. |
The information set forth above under Note 12 contained in the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
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Risk Factors. |
The most significant risk factors applicable to Cohu are described in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of Cohu’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (our “2023 Form 10-K”). There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.
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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. |
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On October 28, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a $70 million share repurchase program. This share repurchase program was effective as of November 2, 2021, and has no expiration date. On October 25, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $70 million under the share repurchase program. The timing of share repurchases and the number of shares of common stock to be repurchased will depend upon prevailing market conditions and other factors. Repurchases under this program will be made using our existing cash resources and may be commenced or suspended from time-to-time at our discretion without prior notice. Repurchases may be made in the open market, through 10b5-1 programs, or in privately negotiated transactions at prevailing market rates in accordance with federal securities laws. All such repurchased shares and related costs are held as treasury stock and accounted for at trade date using the cost method. During the three months ended September 28, 2024, we repurchased 315,000 shares of our common stock for $8.1 million to be held as treasury stock. During the nine months ended September 28, 2024, we repurchased 915,504 shares of our common stock for $27.0 million to be held as treasury stock. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 133,100 shares of our common stock for $4.7 million to be held as treasury stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 309,985 shares of our common stock for $10.9 million to be held as treasury stock. As of September 28, 2024, $31.4 million remained available for us to repurchase shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program.
Share repurchase activity during the third quarter of fiscal 2024 was as follows:
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Total Number of |
Maximum $ |
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Total |
Weighted |
Shares Purchased |
Value of Shares |
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Number of |
Average |
Total |
as Part of Publicly |
That May Yet Be |
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Shares |
Price Paid |
Purchase |
Announced |
Purchased Under |
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Purchased |
Per Share(1) |
Cost(2) |
Programs(3) |
The Programs(3) |
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(In thousands except price per share amounts) |
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Jun 30 - Jul 27, 2024 |
- | $ | - | $ | - | - | $ | 39,430 | ||||||||||||
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Jul 28 - Aug 24, 2024 |
240 | $ | 25.35 | $ | 6,088 | 240 | $ | 33,342 | ||||||||||||
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Aug 25 - Sep 28, 2024 |
75 | $ | 26.37 | $ | 1,980 | 75 | $ | 31,362 | ||||||||||||
| 315 | $ | 25.59 | $ | 8,068 | 315 | |||||||||||||||
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(1) |
The weighted average price paid per share of common stock does not include the cost of commissions. |
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(2) |
The total purchase cost includes the cost of commissions. |
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(3) |
On October 28, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a $70 million share repurchase program. This share repurchase program is effective as of November 2, 2021, and has no expiration date. On October 25, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $70 million under the share repurchase program. The timing of share repurchases and the number of shares of common stock to be repurchased will depend upon prevailing market conditions and other factors. Repurchases under this program will be made using our existing cash resources and may be commenced or suspended from time-to-time at our discretion without prior notice. Repurchases may be made in the open market, through 10b5-1 programs, or in privately negotiated transactions at prevailing market rates in accordance with federal securities laws. All such repurchased shares and related costs are held as treasury stock and accounted for at trade date using the cost method. |
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Defaults Upon Senior Securities. |
None.
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Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
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Other Information. |
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
Our directors and executive officers may purchase or sell shares of our common stock in the market from time to time, including pursuant to equity trading plans adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act and in compliance with guidelines specified by our insider trading policy. In accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and our insider trading policy, directors, officers and certain employees who, at such time, are not in possession of material non-public information are permitted to enter into written plans that pre-establish amounts, prices and dates (or formula for determining the amounts, prices and dates) of future purchases or sales of our stock, including shares acquired pursuant to our equity incentive plans. Under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The use of these trading plans permits asset diversification as well as personal financial and tax planning. Our directors and executive officers may also buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material nonpublic information, subject to compliance with SEC rules, the terms of our insider trading policy and certain minimum holding requirements. During the three months ended September 28, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (each term as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| COHU, INC. | ||
| (Registrant) | ||
| Date: November 1, 2024 |
/s/ Luis A. Müller |
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Luis A. Müller |
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President & Chief Executive Officer |
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| Date: November 1, 2024 | /s/ Jeffrey D. Jones | |
| Jeffrey D. Jones | ||
| Senior Vice President, Finance & Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer) | ||
Exhibit 31.1
COHU, INC.
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT SECTION 302(a)
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
I, Luis A. Müller, certify that:
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1. |
I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Cohu, Inc.; |
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2. |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
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3. |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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4. |
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
|
5. |
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 1, 2024
/s/ Luis A. Müller
Luis A. Müller
President & Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 31.2
COHU, INC.
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT SECTION 302(a)
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Jeffrey D. Jones, certify that:
|
1. |
I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Cohu, Inc.; |
|
2. |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
|
3. |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
|
4. |
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
|
5. |
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 1, 2024
/s/ Jeffrey D. Jones
Jeffrey D. Jones
Senior Vice President Finance & Chief Financial Officer
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)
In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report of Cohu, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2024 (the "Report"), I, Luis A. Müller, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 1, 2024
/s/ Luis A. Müller
Luis A. Müller,
President & Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)
In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report of Cohu, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2024 (the "Report"), I, Jeffrey D. Jones, Vice President Finance & Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 1, 2024
/s/ Jeffrey D. Jones
Jeffrey D. Jones,
Senior Vice President Finance & Chief Financial Officer